This document builds on document ISWG-GHG 17/3 (CSC) to complement the extensive literature review on the well-to-tank (WtT) GHG intensity of liquified natural gas (LNG) imports in the European Union, including information and literature to determine a WtT value for a global default emission factor.

This document presents information on the current literature about tank-to-wake (TtW) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from ammonia dual-fuel engines. Recent studies indicate significant variability in N₂O emissions across engine types, operating conditions, and testing methodologies. This document compiles emission data and findings from the most up-to-date laboratory tests and modeling efforts. The summarized results are presented in g N2O/g NH3 units, without normalization of scenario parameters across studies. The co-sponsors propose that the Committee agree to forward these results to the GESAMP-LCA Working Group to be used as part of their mandate to improve the robustness of GHG accounting for ammonia-fueled ships.

Document MEPC 82/7/10 proposed a new approach to address shipping within the triple planetary crisis of climate, biodiversity and pollution, in order to prioritize solutions with co-benefits to address these crises. This document updates the Committee on relevant research and initiatives and recommends establishing an ad hoc working group to make progress on reversing biodiversity loss and reducing pollution which supports climate action and vice versa.