Leading environmental organisations and the global shipping industry have joined in calling for an explicit prohibition on the carriage of non-compliant marine fuels when the global 0.5% sulphur cap takes effect in 2020.

New ships built in 2013 were on average 10% less fuel-efficient than those built in 1990, according to a new study.

The first global agreement to cut carbon emissions from ships has been blocked by several developing countries.